Traumatic Brain Injury
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is damage to the brain caused by a sudden jolt, blow, or penetrating injury to the head. TBIs range from mild (a concussion) to severe, and the right care depends heavily on the type and severity of the injury.
Signs & Symptoms
- Headache, confusion, or dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Memory problems or difficulty concentrating
- Loss of consciousness, in some but not all cases
- In more severe injuries: worsening headache, repeated vomiting, seizures, or difficulty waking up
Causes & Risk Factors
Common causes include falls, vehicle accidents, sports injuries, and being struck by or against an object. Older adults and young children have a higher risk of certain types of TBI, such as fall-related injuries.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis includes a neurological exam and, depending on severity, brain imaging (CT or MRI) to look for bleeding, swelling, or other injury.
Treatment Options
Many mild TBIs (concussions) are managed with rest and a gradual return to activity under medical guidance. More severe injuries may require hospitalization and, in some cases, surgery to relieve pressure or address bleeding in the brain.
This information is for general education and isn’t a diagnosis or medical advice. If this is a medical emergency, call 911. To find out what’s right for you, request an appointment or call 810-262-7030.